Electrochemical formation of TiO2 porous layer for perovskite solar cells

The electron transport layer plays a crucial part in the perovskite solar cell (PSC). Here, we fabricated the TiO2 layer by electrodeposition method and employed it as porous layer (PL) in PSCs. The electrodeposition of TiO2-PL was carried out at different current densities and their corresponding pin-hole effect was characterized by field-emission scanning electron microscope, cyclic voltammetry, and incident photon-to-current conversion efficiency analyses. Electrodeposited TiO2-PL obtained at optimized current density demonstrated the decreased pin-hole defect with smooth and uniform surface coverage. The PSC device assembled with the optimized electrodeposited TiO2-PL exhibited the slightly higher photovoltaic conversion efficiency (12.82%) than that using commercial TiO2 PL (12.52%).