Effect of skew angle on main precursor of frictional ignition in bench-scale simulation of excavation processes

• Temperature changes (ΔT) of cutting tool driven against a rock wheel were examined.
• Long-duration tests increased ΔT at non-zero skew angles.
• Heavier bits with larger tip surface area are more sensitive to ΔT increase due to skew angle.
• ΔT at a zero skew angle was higher for lighter bits.
• The results suggest how bits and bit tips should be designed for safer excavation.