A 3D discrete element modelling approach for rockfall analysis with drapery systems

• A novel numerical model for 3D rockfall analysis with and without drapery systems is presented.
• The model considers all relevant interactions: block–slope, block–drapery, and slope–drapery.
• Experimental in situ rockfall experiments are used to calibrate and validate the numerical model.
• The numerical predictions are in good agreement with the experimental results.
• The model allows an accurate assessment of the residual rockfall hazard involved with drapery systems.

This paper presents a novel approach for the simulation of rockfalls behind drapery systems which can be used to accurately assess the residual rockfall hazard involved with such systems. A discrete element model of drapery systems installed on rock slopes is presented where all the relevant interactions are taken into account. The approach is based on the classical discrete element method, where the block is represented by a rigid assembly of spheres. The slope is represented by triangular elements and the drapery is represented by spherical particles which interact remotely. The model is calibrated and validated by comparing the numerical predictions with experimental results. It is shown that the model can accurately predict block trajectories and block velocities for rockfall analysis with and without drapery.