Sinomenine reduces growth and metastasis of breast cancer cells and improves the survival of tumor-bearing mice through suppressing the SHh pathway

In this study, the suppressive effect of sinomenine on the activation of SHh and the progression of breast cancer metastasis in vitro and in vivo was investigated. MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells were treated with sinomenine and/or cyclopamine a proven SHh inhibitor. Sinomenine and cyclopamine both suppressed cell proliferation and migration, but sinomenine had a stronger suppressive effect in MDA-MB-231. In addition, sinomenine could suppress the activation of NF-κB and SHh signaling pathways, but cyclopamine could not suppress the activation of NF-κB. Subsequently, a mouse breast cancer-lung metastasis model was established. Our data on tissue examination and gene detection showed that SHh signaling was markedly activated in the metastatic model mice. The progression of lung metastasis was suppressed when mice were fed sinomenine and/or cyclopamine, while sinomenine had a stronger suppressive effect than cyclopamine in the model mice. In conclusion, sinomenine has a better effect than cyclopamine on the inhibition of breast cancer metastasis to lung in vivo and vitro, and inhibits NF-κB activation and NF-κB-mediated activation of SHh signaling pathway.