Acute toxicity of organic antifouling biocides to phytoplankton Nitzschia pungens and zooplankton Artemia larvae

The toxicity of the antifouling biocides Irgarol 1051, Diuron, Chlorothalonil, Dichlofluanid, Sea-nine 211, Copper pyrithione, Zinc pyrithione, Ziram and Zineb were evaluated on Nitzschia pungens and Artemia larvae. Results showed that EC50 for Irgarol 1051 was 0.586 μg l− 1 was the strongest effect on N. pungens following by Copper pyrithione (4.908 μg l− 1), Ziram (5.421 μg l− 1), Zinc pyrithione (5.513 μg l− 1), Diuron (6.640 μg l− 1), Zineb (232.249 μg l− 1), Sea-nine 211(267.368 μg l− 1), Chlorothalonil (360.963 μg l− 1) and Dichlofluanid (377.010 μg l− 1) in 96 h. In Artemia larvae, the biocides were evaluated the LC50 for larval survivals at 48 h. Sea-nine 211 and Copper pyrithione were 0.318 and 0.319 mg l− 1. Chlorothalonil, Zinc pyrithione and Ziram were 2.683, 3.147 and 4.778 mg l− 1. Irgarol 1051, Diuron, Zineb and Dichlofluanid were 9.734, 30.573, 41.170 and 154.944 mg l− 1. These results provide baseline data concerning the toxicity of antifouling biocides against marine environment.