Complex growth and reworking processes in the Yangtze cratonic nucleus

U-Pb dating and Lu-Hf isotopes of zircons in biotite gneisses (with or without amplibole) and amphibolites suggest that the SKC experienced a crustal re-melting (reworking) event at ∼2.9 Ga, an accretion/reworking event at ∼2.7 Ga, and later reworking at ∼1.73 Ga and ∼0.8 Ga. These records are partly consistent with what is known about the NKC. The main differences between them are that rocks with ages > 3.0 Ga and 2.1-2.0 Ga are only found in the NKC but not in the SKC. Hence, the SKC is not a copy of the NKC. According to the consistent rock assemblages and ages, the SKC may have affinity to the western zone of the NKC. That affinity is also supported by geophysical results that suggest the presence of a fossil Huangling magma chamber beneath the SKC and the western NKC at 10-20 km depth (Mei et al., 2013). Therefore, our data provide a new understanding of the Kongling Complex: the SKC stayed together with the western part of the NKC from Mesoarchean to Neoproterozoic (2.9-0.8 Ga) time, and they were separated by the intrusion of the Huangling magmas at ∼0.8 Ga.