Cortical and subcortical brain effects of Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS)-induced movement: An interleaved TMS/functional magnetic resonance imaging study

Using this interleaved TMS/fMRI technique, TMS over primary motor cortex produces a whole brain pattern of BOLD activation similar to known motor circuitry, without detectable differences from mimicked volitional movement. Some differences may exist between time courses of BOLD intensity during TMS circuit activation and volitional circuit activation.