Behavioural genomics: an integrated approach

Family, twin and adoption studies of common behavioural disorders highlight the importance of both genes and environments. Rapid advances in molecular genetic studies of the human genome since the near completion of the human genome-sequencing project is expected to result in the identification of many more genes associated with complex behavioural traits and psychiatric disorders. As a result, the goal of behavioural genomics is shifting from gene discovery towards gene functionality at the level of molecular mechanisms and brain processes and a focus on interaction with environmental pathogens. The challenge now is to embrace the inherent complexity of human behaviour while delineating key functions that can be used to further our understanding of human behaviour. This article provides an overview of some of the ways in which quantitative and molecular genetic strategies are being used to bring together diverse areas of investigation and make best use of emerging technologies in the investigation of behavioural traits and psychiatric disorders.