Memories of parental rearing and perceived self-image in groups of chronic pain patients

The significant differences between healthy controls, pain patients and between clusters of pain patients on parental rearing scales, and the significant relationship between memories of parental rearing and self-image provide therapists with a special approach to the treatment of chronic pain patients in accordance to social cognitive theories and the psychodynamic theoretical construct of introjection as an early process in the development of self-images.