
Keywords: VEGFR-2; vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2; CXCR4; C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4; TGF-β1; transforming growth factor beta 1; Smad2/3; mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 2/3; p38MAPK; p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases; ERK1/2; extra