Estrogen modulation of hypothalamic neurons: Activation of multiple signaling pathways and gene expression changes
Keywords: Estrogen; Hypothalamic neurons; GABA; POMC; PI3K;
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Differential regulation by protein kinases of activity and cell surface expression of glutamate transporters in neuron-enriched cultures
Keywords: DIV; days in vitro; H89; [N-[2-(p-bromocinnamylamino)-ethyl]-5-(isoquinolinesulfonamide)]; PMA; phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate; EAA; excitatory amino acid; PKA; protein kinase A; PKC; protein kinase C; PI3K; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase; DMEM; dulbecco'
Pertussis toxin-sensitive Gi/o proteins are involved in nerve growth factor-induced pro-survival Akt signaling cascade in PC12 cells
Keywords: NGF; nerve growth factor; EGF; epidermal growth factor; PTX; pertussis toxin; RGSZ1; regulator of G protein signaling Z1; GAIP; Gα-interacting protein; PI3K; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase; IKK; inhibitor κB kinase; NFκB; nuclear factor-κB; Erk; extrac
The epidermal growth factor stimulates sphingosine kinase-1 expression and activity in the human mammary carcinoma cell line MCF7
Keywords: BSA; bovine serum albumin; DAPI; 4,6-diamino-2-phenylindole; DMEM; Dulbecco's modified Eagle medium; DMS; N,N-dimethyl sphingosine; EGF; epidermal growth factor; GRE; glucocorticoid responsive element; GAPDH; glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase; IκB
SIRPα negatively regulates differentiation of PC12 cell
Keywords: BDNF; brain-derived neurotrophic factor; CAMs; Cellular adhesion molecules; CEACAM; carcinoembryonic antigen associated cellular adhesion molecules; ERK; extracellular mitogen regulated kinase; ITIM; immune tyrosine-based inhibitory motif; JNK; c-jun N-te
Nef enhances c-Cbl phosphorylation in HIV-infected CD4+ T lymphocytes
Keywords: TCR; T cell receptor; HIV-1; human immunodeficiency virus type 1; LTR; long terminal repeat; CHO; Chinese hamster ovary; PBS; phosphate-buffered saline; BSA; bovine serum albumin; PI3K; phosphatidylinositol 3â²-kinase; PP1; 4-amino-5-[4-methylphenyl]-7-[
Mastering time and space: immune cell polarization and chemotaxis
Keywords: Arp2/3; actin-related protein; CRAC; cytosolic regulator for adenylyl cyclase; DOCK-2; downstream of Crk-180 homolog-2 protein; ECM; extracellular matrix; ERM; ezrin-radixin-moesin; F-actin; filamentous actin; fMLP; formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine;
Signalling pathways regulating the invasive differentiation of human trophoblasts: a review
Keywords: Human trophoblast; Signal transduction; Differentiation; Cell invasion; ALKs; activin-receptor-like kinases; bHLH; basic helix-loop-helix; CaMKII; Ca/calmodulin-dependent kinase II; CTB; cytotrophoblast; eCTB; endovascular cytotrophoblast; ECM; extracellu
The tyrosine 974 within the LIF-R-chain of the gp130/LIF-R heteromeric receptor complex mediates negative regulation of LIF signalling
Keywords: CLC; CT-1-like factor; CNTF; ciliary neurotrophic factor; CT-1; cardiotrophin-1; IL; interleukin; JAK; Janus kinase; LIF; leukaemia inhibitory factor; MAPK; mitogen-activated protein kinase; OSM; oncostatin M; PI3K; phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase; SHP; SH2
The conditional kinase ÎMEKK1:ER* selectively activates the JNK pathway and protects against serum withdrawal-induced cell death
Keywords: Bad; Bcl-2 antagonist of cell death; BH; Bcl-2 homology domain; Bim; Bcl-2 interacting modulator; BimEL; Bim extra long; ERK; Extracellular signal-regulated kinase; FBS; Fetal bovine serum; JNK; c-Jun N-terminal kinase; MAPK; Mitogen-activated protein kin
Taurine suppresses platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) BB-induced PDGF-β receptor phosphorylation by protein tyrosine phosphatase-mediated dephosphorylation in vascular smooth muscle cells
Keywords: ERK; extracellular signal-regulated kinase; GES; guanidinoethane sulfonic acid; MAPK; mitogen-activated protein kinase; MEK; MAPK/ERK kinase; PI3K; phosphoinositide-3-kinase; PMA; phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate; pNP; p-nitrophenol; pNPP; p-nitrophenyl ph
Erythropoietin promotes regeneration of adult CNS neurons via Jak2/Stat3 and PI3K/AKT pathway activation
Keywords: Bcl; B_cell leucemia/lymphoma protein; CNTF; ciliary_derived neurotrophic factor; (rh)EPO; (recombinant human) erythropoietin; GCL; ganglion cell layer; HIF; hypoxia inducible factor; Jak; Janus kinase; mTOR; mammalian target of rapamycin; ON; optic nerve
Sargachromenol, a novel nerve growth factor-potentiating substance isolated from Sargassum macrocarpum, promotes neurite outgrowth and survival via distinct signaling pathways in PC12D cells
Keywords: nerve growth factor; mitogen-activated protein kinase; phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase; protein kinase A; sargachromenol; Sargassum macrocarpum; DMEM; Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium; ED50; median effective dose; EDTA; ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid
Differential effects of diallyl disulfide on neuronal cells depend on its concentration
Keywords: Diallyl disulfide; Antioxidant; Apoptosis; PI3K; Akt;
Protective effect of diallyl disulfide on oxidative stress-injured neuronally differentiated PC12 cells
Keywords: Development and regeneration; Neuronal death; Diallyl disulfide; Antioxidant; Apoptosis; PI3K; Akt;
Enhanced v-Src-induced oncogenic transformation in the absence of focal adhesion kinase is mediated by phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase
Keywords: Src; FAK; PI3K; ERK; STAT3; Oncogenesis; Anchorage-independence;
The cardiac β2-adrenergic signalling a new role for the cPLA2
Keywords: β-AR; β-adrenergic receptor; G protein; guanine nucleotide binding protein; PTX; pertussis toxin; AC; adenylyl cyclase; tAC; transmembraneous adenylyl cyclase; sAC; soluble adenylyl cyclase; cPLA2; cytosolic phospholipase A2; sPLA2; secreted phospholipa
Regulation of Src kinase activity during Xenopus oocyte maturation
Keywords: CSF; cytostatic factor; GVBD; germinal vesicle breakdown; IP3; inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate; MAPK; mitogen-activated protein kinase; MPF; maturation-promoting factor; PI3K; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase; PKA; cAMP-dependent protein kinase; PLC; phospholip
Bile acid modulates transepithelial permeability via the generation of reactive oxygen species in the Caco-2 cell line
Keywords: PLA; phospholipase A2; COX; cyclooxygenase; PKC; protein kinase C; ERK; extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1; p38 MAPK; p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase; PI3K; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase; ROS; reactive oxygen species; XO; xanthine oxidase; TEER;
Emerging concepts and therapeutic implications of β-adrenergic receptor subtype signaling
Keywords: G protein-coupled receptors; β-Adrenergic receptor subtypes; β-Adrenergic receptor polymorphism; G proteins; PKA; CaMKII; PI3K; Apoptosis; Hypertrophy; Congestive heart failure; β-Blocker therapy;
Inhibition of survival signalling by dietary polyphenols and indole-3-carbinol
Keywords: Chemoprevention; Survival signalling; Curcumin; Epigallocatechin gallate; Indole-3-carbinol; Resveratrol; MAPK; PI3K; NF-κB; STAT
Identification of endothelial genes up-regulated in vivo
Keywords: EC; endothelial cells; PE; R-Phycoerythrin; DEPC; diethyl pyrocarbonate; aRNA; antisense RNA; HRP; horseradish peroxidase; DAB; diaminobenzidine; PECAM; platelet-endothelial cell adhesion molecule; Icam2; intercellular adhesion molecule 2; Esam; endotheli
Signal transduction pathways leading to increased eIF4E phosphorylation caused by oxidative stress
Keywords: BSO; buthionine sulfoximine; DMEM; Dulbecco's modified essential medium; EBSS; Earle's Balanced Salts Solution; EGF; epidermal growth factor; eIF; eukaryotic initiation factor; eIF4E-BP; eIF4E-binding protein; FBS; fetal bovine serum; GCS; glutathione cys
Molecular regulation of the brain natriuretic peptide gene
Keywords: ANP; atrial natriuretic peptide; AP-1; activator protein-1; ATF; activating transcription factor; BNP; brain or B-type natriuretic peptide; CaMKII; calcium/calmodulin kinase II; CRE; cAMP-responsive element; ET; endothelin 1; FOG; friend of GATA; IL; inte
Mitochondrial biogenesis and mitochondrial DNA maintenance of mammalian cells under oxidative stress
Keywords: AP; apurine/apyrimidine; BER; base excision repair; CAMK; Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase; CREB; cyclic AMP response element-binding protein; CuZnSOD; copper/zinc superoxide dismutase; COX; cytochrome c oxidase; eNOS; endothelial nitric oxide syn
The modulation of apoptosis by cyclic AMP involves Akt and epidermal growth factor receptor
Keywords: cAMP (cyclic AMP); adenosine 3â²,5â²-cyclic monophosphate; EGF; epidermal growth factor; PI3K; phosphatylinositol-3-kinase; PKA; protein kinase A; TGF-β1; transforming growth factor-β1; Apoptosis; Adenosine 3â²,5â²-cyclic monophosphate; Epidermal gr
Neuro-apoptogenic and blood platelet targeting toxins in benthic marine cyanobacteria from the Portuguese coast
Keywords: ACD; acid citrate dextrose; ECL; enhanced chemiluminescence; FITC; fluorescein isothiocyanate; GFP; gel-filtered platelets; HRP; horse radish peroxidase; PA; phosphatidic acid; PE; phycoerythrin; PP; protein phosphatase; PI3K; phosphoinositide 3-kinase; P
Modulation of signal transduction by tea catechins and related phytochemicals
Keywords: EGFR; epidermal growth factor receptor; RTK; receptor tyrosine kinase; EGCG; (â)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate; EGC; (â)-epigallocatechin; ECG; (â)-epicatechin-gallate; EC; (â)-epicatechin; TGFα; transforming growth factor α; EGF; epidermal growth
Bile acids induce hepatic stellate cell proliferation via activation of the epidermal growth factor receptor
Keywords: BrdU; bromodeoxyuridine; EGF; epidermal growth factor; EGFR; epidermal growth factor receptor; ERK; extracellular signal-regulated kinase; GCDCA; glycochenodeoxycholic acid; HSC; hepatic stellate cell; JNK; c-Jun N-terminal kinase; MEK; mitogen-activated
p85 β-PIX is required for cell motility through phosphorylations of focal adhesion kinase and p38 MAP kinase
Keywords: LPA; lysophosphatidic acid; PAK; p21 activated kinase; PID; PAK inhibitory domain; PIX; PAK-interacting exchange factor; GIT1; G-protein-coupled receptor kinase interacting targets; bFGF; basic fibroblast growth factor; FAK; focal adhesion kinase; LysoPLD
Aging Is Associated With Decreased Pancreatic Acinar Cell Regeneration and Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase/Akt Activation
Keywords: BrdU; 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine; IGF-1; insulin-like growth factor-1; IGF-1R; type 1 insulin-like growth factor receptor; MAPK; mitogen-activated protein kinase; pAkt; phosphorylated Akt; pERK; phosphorylated ERK; PI3K; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase; pIGF
c-Src is involved in regulating signal transmission from PDGFβ receptor-GPCR(s) complexes in mammalian cells
Keywords: ASM; airway smooth muscle; CHO; Chinese hamster ovary; Con A; concanavalin A; Gi; inhibitory G protein; Giα; alpha sub-unit of Gi; Gab1; Grb-2 associated binder-1; GRK; G protein-coupled receptor kinase; GPCR; G protein-coupled receptor; Grb-2; growth fa
Phosphoinositide 3-kinases can act independently of p27Kip1 to regulate optimal IL-3-dependent cell cycle progression and proliferation
Keywords: BMMC; bone marrow-derived mast cells; CFDA SE; carboxy-fluoroscein diacetate succinimidyl ester; CDK; cyclin-dependent kinase; CKI; cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor; ERK; extracellular-regulated kinase; FOXO; Forkhead family transcription factors; G1; Ga
Isorhapontigenin, a new resveratrol analog, attenuates cardiac hypertrophy via blocking signaling transduction pathways
Keywords: ISO; isorhapontigenin; Ang II; angiotensin II; PDTC; pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate; NAC; N-acetylcysteine; DCFH-DA; 2â²,7â²-dichlorofluorescein diacetate; PMA; phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate; ROS; reactive oxygen species; TAC; transaortic constriction; M
Zedoariae rhizoma and curcumin inhibits platelet-derived growth factor-induced proliferation of human hepatic myofibroblasts
Keywords: ZR; Zedoariae rhizoma water extracts; hMK; hepatic myofibroblasts; DMEM; Dulbecco's modified essential medium; BrdU; bromodeoxy-uridine; ECM; extracellular matrix; FBS; fetal bovine serum; HSC; hepatic stellate cells; PDGF; platelet-derived growth factor;
PKB mediates c-erbB2-induced epithelial β1 integrin conformational inactivation through Rho-independent F-actin rearrangements
Keywords: ca; constitutively active; dn; dominant-negative; ERK; extracellular signal-regulated kinase; GFP; green fluorescent protein; GST; glutathione-S-transferase; ILK; integrin-linked kinase; LPA; lysophosphatidic acid; LTB; latrunculin B; mDia; mammalian ho
HB-EGF Enhances Restitution After Intestinal Ischemia/Reperfusion via PI3K/Akt and MEK/ERK1/2 Activation
Keywords: EGF; epidermal growth factor; ERK; extracellular signal-regulated kinase; HB-EGF; heparin-binding epidermal growth factor-like growth factor; I/R; ischemia/reperfusion; LDH; lactate dehydrogenase; MEK; mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular signal
Differential Expression of Cannabinoid Receptors in the Human Colon: Cannabinoids Promote Epithelial Wound Healing
Keywords: AEA; anandamide; DNBS; dinitrobenzene sulphonic acid; ERK; extracellular-regulated kinase; FAAH; fatty acid amide hydrolase; GSK; glycogen synthase kinase; LPA; lysophosphatidic acid; MAPK; mitogen-activated protein kinase; NE; noladin ether; PI3K; phosph
Targeting of OSBP-related protein 3 (ORP3) to endoplasmic reticulum and plasma membrane is controlled by multiple determinants
Keywords: DPER; dilated peripheral ER; EM; electron microscopy; ER; endoplasmic reticulum; FFAT motif; two phenylalanines in an acidic tract motif; IF; immunofluorescence; OR; OSBP-related; 25OH; 25-hydroxycholesterol; ORP; OSBP-related protein; OSBP; oxysterol bin
HIV chemokine receptor inhibitors as novel anti-HIV drugs
Keywords: AIDS; acquired immune deficiency syndrome; AOP; aminooxypentane; CI; clinical isolate; DC; dendritic cell; DC-SIGN; dendritic cell-specific ICAM-3-grabbing nonintegrin; FDA; Food and Drug Administration; FLIPR; fluorometric imaging plate reader; GCP; gran
Regulation of lipid raft proteins by glimepiride- and insulin-induced glycosylphosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C in rat adipocytes
Keywords: AChE; acetylcholinesterase; aP; alkaline phosphatase; BSA; bovine serum albumin; CBD(P); caveolin-binding domain (peptide); cIP; myo-inositol-1,2-cyclic phosphate; CRD; cross-reacting determinant; CSD; caveolin-scaffolding domain; DMSO; dimethylsulfoxide;
Synergy in cytokine and chemokine networks amplifies the inflammatory response
Keywords: AP; activating protein; BCA; B cell attracting chemokine; CBP; CREB-binding protein; CCL; CC chemokine ligand; CXCL; CXC chemokine ligand; CCR; CC chemokine receptor; CXCR; CXC chemokine receptor; CRE; cAMP-response element; GPCR; G protein-coupled recept
TRP channels: An overview
Keywords: 2-ABP; 2-aminoethoxydiphenyl borate; ADPKD; autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease; BDNF; brain-derived neurotrophic factor; CaM; calmodulin; CIRB; CaM and IP3R binding site; DAG; diacylglycerol; DRG; dorsal root ganglion; 5â²,6â²-EET; 5â²,6â²-e
The physiology and pathophysiology of nitric oxide in the brain
Keywords: AD; Alzheimer's disease; ALS; amyotrophic lateral sclerosis; Aβ; amyloid β-peptide; BBB; blood-brain barrier; BH4; tetrahydrobiopterin; C/EBP; CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein; cGMP; cyclic guanosine-3â²,5â²-monophosphate; CNS; central nervous system;
BDNF function in adult synaptic plasticity: The synaptic consolidation hypothesis
Keywords: ACD; actinomycin D; AMPAR; α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) receptor; Arc; activity-regulated cytoskeleton-associated protein; Arg; activity-regulated gene; BDNF; brain-derived neurotrophic factor; BDNF-LTP; brain-derived neuro
Hepatocyte growth factor, its receptor, and their potential value in cancer therapies
Keywords: Abl; Abelson murine leukemia viral oncogene; AGTR; angiotensin II receptor; Arf; Archaeal Rieske-type ferredoxin; Arp; actin-related protein; BCL2; B-cell CLL/lymphoma 2; BID; BH3 interacting domain death agonist; cMET; receptor for hepatocyte growth fact