Factorial design preparation of transparent conducting oxide thin films

Transparent and conducting properties of Cd2SnO4 films deposited onto glass substrates by the dip coating technique have been obtained using a 24 factorial design. All films were well adhered onto their substrates, presented porous morphology and inverse spinel structure. Statistical factorial design analysis showed that only substrate withdrawal rate and precursor solution concentration had significant effects on average transmission of the films. Cumulative probability graphs of factorial design model coefficients showed that none of the factor levels have significant effects on resistivity. However the films presented significantly higher resistivities using low withdrawal rates and low concentration levels. This indicates resistivity is a more complex function of the factor variables than transmission. From the factorial design experiments and statistical analysis of their results a highest average transmission of 88% and lowest resistivity of 2.43 × 10− 4 Ω m were found.