Wif1 and Ifitm3 gene expression preferentially altered in the colon mucosa of benzo[a]pyrene pre-treated mice following exposure to dextran sulfate sodium

• BP is a mutagen and yet not a carcinogen in the murine colon.
• BP/DSS model induces colonic tumors as early as at 1 week after DSS.
• Wif1 and Ifitm3 genes were specifically increased in rapid tumor induction model.
• Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway is implicated for the first time in this model.
• This model should contribute to elucidate carcinogenic processes in murine colon.

Benzo[a]pyrene (BP) is highly mutagenic and yet does not lead to tumor development in the murine colon. We recently reported the generation of colonic tumors one week after treatment with BP followed by dextran sulfate sodium (DSS), a colitis-inducer. In this BP/DSS model, male CD2F1 mice were treated orally with BP at 125 mg/kg/day for 5 days, followed by 4% DSS in drinking water for one week. There has been no report so far on the molecular mechanisms involved in tumor development in this model. In the present study, we performed global gene expression analysis on the colonic mucosae obtained from BP-exposed mice one week after treatment with DSS and those treated with the vehicle, BP, or DSS alone. Global gene expression analysis revealed that there were 563 genes preferentially altered (≥2-fold vs vehicle group) in the colonic mucosae exposed to both BP and DSS. Furthermore, comparative gene expression analysis combined with Ingenuity Pathway Analysis™ identified 2 genes associated with Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway that were preferentially up-regulated (≥2-fold vs vehicle group) when BP and DSS were treated in combination in the distal part (site of predilection for tumor induction) of the colonic mucosae, especially in colonic tumors: WNT inhibitory factor 1 (Wif1; 14.6-fold increase) and interferon induced membrane protein 3 (Ifitm3; 5.7-fold increase). In colonic tumors, expression of Wif1 and Ifitm3 proteins were both confirmed by western blot analysis. These findings suggest that these genes are associated with rapid induction of colonic tumors in mice after exposure to BP/DSS, providing insights into the mechanisms of the BP/DSS short-term colon carcinogenesis.

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