Human herpes simplex virus infections: Epidemiology, pathogenesis, symptomatology, diagnosis, and management

Eight of the more than 80 known herpesviruses are human pathogens. Human herpes simplex virus (HSV) is a contagious infection with a large reservoir in the general population. It has a potential for significant complications in the immunocompromised host. In addition, psychological distress caused by the negative stigma associated with genital herpes and visible facial lesions in those experiencing frequent outbreaks renders it a challenging clinical dilemma. This article reviews the epidemiology, pathogenesis, and diagnostic features of HSV infections, providing the clinician with an up-to-date understanding of the available management strategies for mucocutaneous HSV-induced disease.Learning objectivesAt the conclusion of this learning activity, participants should understand the structure and biological properties of human herpesviruses; understand the transmission and epidemiology of human HSV infections; understand the spectrum, pathogenesis, and symptomatology of HSV disease affecting humans; understand the diagnostic features and methodologies employed in clinical practice to diagnose herpes simplex infections; and understand the available management strategies for mucocutaneous HSV-induced disease.