Mycétomes dermatophytiques du cuir chevelu : à  propos de deux cas à  Microsporum langeronii et revue de la littérature

This study report two cases of dermatophytic mycetoma of the scalp due to Microsporum langeronii, diagnosed in 1997 and 2002 in the departments of pathological anatomy and parasitology-mycology of the faculty of medecine of Libreville (Gabon). The paper also includes a review of published literature. Two patients, a 21 years-old women and a 12 years-old boy, presented a vegetative tumor suggestive of a malignant process in the former and of a pseudofuronculitis in the latter. After surgical excision of the entire tumor, histopathological examination showed the presence of fungal grains with hyphae and vesicle-like structures in some of them, peripheral cement and in both cases marked histiocyto-plasmodial inflammatory reaction in favor of a dermatophytic mycetoma . In addition, in the first case, histological sections of the tumor in hair showed endo ectothrix parasitism. Examination using a Wood fluorescent lamp (in the mycology department) revealed a diffused tinea capitis. In both cases, culture of the lesional material resulted in isolation of a fungus that was identified as Microsporum langeronii. Scalp dermatophytic mycetoma is usually observed histologically. Published cases most frequently concern black people, the majority from Africa. Here we describe the second and third case of scalp dermatophytic mycetoma due to Microsporum langeronii reported in the literature.