Hydrodynamics of eastern Lake Ontario and the upper St. Lawrence River

► First application of a 3D hydrodynamic model to Kingston Basin & St. Lawrence River. ► The model performance is qualitatively and quantitatively validated to observations. ► Lake-river circulation processes examined through comparison of spectral energies. ► The St. Lawrence River reverses flow (east to west) during easterly storm wind events. ► Model applied to delineate intake protection zones around drinking water intakes.