Microbial community structure shifts are associated with temperature, dispersants and nutrients in crude oil-contaminated seawaters

• Microbial community structure shifts when crude oil invaded was presented.
• Bacterial composition and biodegradation potential were linked to temperature.
• Dispersants were used in response to crude oil and impacted on microorganisms.
• Fertilizer applications increased microbial populations and improve bioremediation.

This study tracked structure shifts of bacterial compositions before, during and after invading by crude oil to determine the microbial response and explore how temperature, dispersants and nutrients affect the composition of microbial communities or their activities of biodegradation in artificial marine environment. During petroleum hydrocarbons exposed, the composition and functional dynamics of marine microbial communities were altered, favoring bacteria that could utilize this rich carbon source such as the Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Actinobacteria and Bacteroidetes phyla. Low temperature as a dominant factor decreased bacterial richness and catabolic diversity due to abated enzymes activities in correlation with the process of biodegradation. Dispersants exerted no negative consequences on microbial composition, however, bacterial composition by the Chloroflexi, TM6, OP8, Cyanobacteria and Gemmatimonadetes phyla increased. It seemed that more frequent fertilizer application could be equally safe to bacteria and increased significantly the abundance of bacterial strains but Actinobacteria phyla decreased.

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