Impacts of crab bioturbation and local pollution on sulfate reduction, Hg distribution and methylation in mangrove sediments, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

• Hg, methylation and SRR were studied in sediment aquaria with and without crabs.
• Crab bioturbation favored Hg retention in higher amounts and depths in the sediment.
• Hg methylation was higher in crabs aquaria but SRR was similar in both conditions.
• Hg methylation and SRR were studied in mangrove sediment with distinct pollution levels.
• Hg methylation was not affected by pollution levels and was higher at the surface.

Mercury (Hg) and methylmercury (MeHg) are highly toxic and poorly studied in mangroves. Burrowing Uca crabs change sediment topography and biogeochemistry and thus may affect Hg distribution and MeHg formation. We studied added 203Hg distribution, Me203Hg formation and sulfate reduction rates (SRR) in sediment aquariums containing Uca leptodactyla; and analyzed profiles of Me203Hg formation and SRR in sediment cores from two mangroves with distinct environmental impacts. MeHg formation and SRR were higher in the top (≤ 6 cm) sediment and there was no significant difference in Hg methylation in more or less impacted mangroves. In aquariums, crab bioturbation favored Hg retention in the sediment. In the treatment without crabs, Hg volatilization and water Hg concentrations were higher. Hg methylation was higher in bioturbated aquariums but SRR were similar in both treatments. These findings suggest that bioturbating activity favors Hg retention in sediment but also promotes MeHg formation near the surface.

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