کد مقاله کد نشریه سال انتشار مقاله انگلیسی نسخه تمام متن
4477349 1315719 2008 9 صفحه PDF دانلود رایگان
عنوان انگلیسی مقاله ISI
Composition of the water accommodated fractions as a function of exposure times and temperatures
موضوعات مرتبط
مهندسی و علوم پایه علوم زمین و سیارات اقیانوس شناسی
پیش نمایش صفحه اول مقاله
Composition of the water accommodated fractions as a function of exposure times and temperatures
چکیده انگلیسی

The water accommodated fractions (WAFs) of nine oils in seawater have been studied. The oils range from light condensate to heavy crude, and include one highly biodegraded oil and one very wax rich oil. This study has identified large variations in the chemical composition of WAFs, depending on oil type, temperature, and mixing time. Experiments at different temperatures (2–13 °C) showed that it takes longer time to reach equilibrium at the lowest temperatures, and that this varies for the different oil types. Oils with higher pour point (wax rich oils) need a longer time to establish WAF in equilibrium than oils with lower pour points (naphthenic oils). At 13 °C a mixing time of 48 h, as recommended in standard procedures, seems to be sufficient for asphalthenic and paraffinic oils. The results demonstrated that for WAF prepared from an unknown oil, or at lower temperatures, different mixing times should be tested. Since the WAF often is used in toxicity testing, the toxicity might be underestimated if the mixing time is too short.

ناشر
Database: Elsevier - ScienceDirect (ساینس دایرکت)
Journal: Marine Pollution Bulletin - Volume 56, Issue 10, October 2008, Pages 1746–1754
نویسندگان
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