P-wave velocity measurements for preliminary assessments of the mineralization in seafloor massive sulfide mini-cores during drilling operations

Deep-sea mining exploration for seafloor massive sulfide (SMS) deposits is currently increasing. At present, most exploration activities are surficial and use indirect methods to identify potential sites and perform first assessments. For a proper resource estimate, however, drilling is inevitable. By using seabed drill rigs, exploration costs can be reduced considerably. SMS deposits are normally found at depths between 1000 and 4000 m and in order for deep sea mining to be implemented, reliable technologies are needed. Additionally, the development of geophysical systems that can detect and classify mineralized zones from waste materials while drilling could decrease costs and speed up offshore operations by limiting the amount of drilling of unmineralized materials. This paper shows how the physical properties of SMS can be used to discriminate between host rocks and mineralization. Seismic P-wave velocities (Vp) were measured on 40 SMS and unmineralized mini-cores. By back-calculating the porosity from Vp, comparing the results with electrical resistivity measurements, and using Archie's Law, it is possible to observe that metallic conduction exists. For deep-sea mineral exploration, the combination of seismic tests, electrical resistivity and magnetic susceptibility could support the preliminary discrimination of mineralized samples in the cores while drilling at the seafloor.