کد مقاله | کد نشریه | سال انتشار | مقاله انگلیسی | نسخه تمام متن |
---|---|---|---|---|
5856571 | 1131978 | 2015 | 15 صفحه PDF | دانلود رایگان |
عنوان انگلیسی مقاله ISI
Empirical characterisation of ranges of mainstream smoke toxicant yields from contemporary cigarette products using quantile regression methodology
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کلمات کلیدی
FCTCTPMFTCNFDPMTSNABATNATNicotine-free dry particulate matterppmHCITobRegAcetone - استونISO - ایزوHealth Canada Intense - بهداشت کانادا شدیدTobacco regulation - تنظیم تنباکوBritish American Tobacco - توتون و تنباکو انگلیسی آمریکاییPercentiles - درصد مواردdwb - دوبلهtotal particulate matter - ذرات جامدQuantile regression - رگرسیون چندکیWorld Health Organization - سازمان بهداشت جهانیInternational Organization for Standardization - سازمان بین المللی استاندارد سازیCoefficient of Variation - ضریب تغییرPhenol - فنل parts per million - قطعات در میلیونCooperation Centre for Scientific Research Relative to Tobacco - مرکز همکاری تحقیقات علمی مربوط به دخانیاتTobacco-specific nitrosamines - نیتروزامین های خاص توتونdry weight basis - وزن خشک پایهPyridine - پیریدین Federal Trade Commission - کمیسیون تجارت فدرالFramework Convention on Tobacco Control - کنوانسیون چارچوب کنترل تنباکوWHO - کهCORESTA - کورستا
موضوعات مرتبط
علوم زیستی و بیوفناوری
علوم محیط زیست
بهداشت، سم شناسی و جهش زایی
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چکیده انگلیسی
Approximately 100 toxicants have been identified in cigarette smoke, to which exposure has been linked to a range of serious diseases in smokers. Smoking machines have been used to quantify toxicant emissions from cigarettes for regulatory reporting. The World Health Organization Study Group on Tobacco Product Regulation has proposed a regulatory scenario to identify median values for toxicants found in commercially available products, which could be used to set mandated limits on smoke emissions. We present an alternative approach, which used quantile regression to estimate reference percentiles to help contextualise the toxicant yields of commercially available products with respect to a reference analyte, such as tar or nicotine. To illustrate this approach we examined four toxicants (acetone, Nâ²-nitrosoanatabine, phenol and pyridine) with respect to tar, and explored International Organization for Standardization (ISO) and Health Canada Intense (HCI) regimes. We compared this approach with other methods for assessing toxicants in cigarette smoke, such as ratios to nicotine or tar, and linear regression. We concluded that the quantile regression approach effectively represented data distributions across toxicants for both ISO and HCI regimes. This method provides robust, transparent and intuitive percentile estimates in relation to any desired reference value within the data space.
ناشر
Database: Elsevier - ScienceDirect (ساینس دایرکت)
Journal: Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology - Volume 72, Issue 3, August 2015, Pages 458-472
Journal: Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology - Volume 72, Issue 3, August 2015, Pages 458-472
نویسندگان
Oscar M. Camacho, Alison Eldridge, Christopher J. Proctor, Kevin McAdam,