Impaired recruitment of neuroprotective microglia and T cells during acute neuronal injury coincides with increased neuronal vulnerability in an amyotrophic lateral sclerosis model

► Neuronal viability increases following hypoglossal nerve axotomy in adult mice. ► This increase and microglial and T cell responses are augmented in adult mice. ► mSOD1 mice show reduced microglial and T cell responses to acute nerve injury. ► mSOD1 mice also show decreased neuronal viability in the disease progression stage. ► mSOD1 mice show reduced mRNA expression levels of neurotrophic factors.