An 'extreme' future for estuaries? Effects of extreme climatic events on estuarine water quality and ecology

► Tropical cyclones and floods often negatively affect estuarine water quality. ► Droughts cause positive and negative effects on estuarine water quality/habitat. ► Heat waves affect important ecological processes in estuaries. ► Effects of extreme climatic events on estuaries are modulated by several factors. ► Extreme climatic events affect important ecosystem services derived from estuaries.