Effects of prokaryotic diversity changes on hydrocarbon degradation rates and metal partitioning during bioremediation of contaminated anoxic marine sediments

► We analyze changes of prokaryotic diversity during sediment bioremediation. ► Selection of AlphaProteobacteria with lactose supply enhances hydrocarbon degradation. ► Changes of biodiversity have also major effects on metal partitioning and mobility. ► These should be considered when biotreatments are applied for sediment remediation.