Natural co-occurrence of aflatoxins and ochratoxin A in spices

► We determined the co-occurrence of AFs and OTA in spices marketed in Turkey. ► A validated HPLC-FD method was used to determine AFs and OTA in spices. ► The co-occurrence of AFs and OTA detected in 52.5% of red chilli samples. ► 15% red chillies exceeded the maximum limits set by EU for AFs and OTA. ► Black pepper, cumin and cinnamon in Turkey do not have a serious risk for health.