Applications of quantum dots as probes in immunosensing of small-sized analytes

► Quantum dots are semiconductor nanoparticles with interesting analytical properties. ► Conjugation of QDs to biomolecules opens new avenues in biosensing. ► This review summarizes the main achievements attained in QD-based immunodetection. ► Synthesis, functionalization, conjugation, and application of QDs is discussed. ► Special attention is paid to immunosensing of haptens.