Gas barrier performance of graphene/polymer nanocomposites

Because of its unique electrical, mechanical, and thermal properties, graphene is being explored for various applications and has attracted enormous academic and industrial interest. Graphene and its derivatives have also been considered as promising nanoscale fillers in gas barrier application of polymer nanocomposites (PNCs). In this study, recent research and development of the utilization of graphene and its derivatives in the fabrication of nanocomposites with different polymer matrices for barrier application are explored, and most synthesis methods of graphene-based PNCs such as solution and melt mixing, in situ polymerization, and layer-by-layer process are covered. Graphene layers in the polymer matrix are capable of producing a tortuous path, which acts as a barrier for gases. A high tortuosity leads to superior barrier properties and lower permeability of PNCs. The influence of the intrinsic properties of these fillers (graphene and its derivatives) and their state of dispersion in polymer matrix on the gas barrier properties of graphene/PNCs is discussed. Analytical modeling aspects of barrier performance of graphene/PNCs are also reviewed in detail. Key permeability modeling techniques for gas separation mixed matrix membranes are also discussed.