CCR4 and CCR5 expression in conjunctival specimens as differential markers of TH1/ TH2 in ocular surface disorders

This study confirms the overexpression of chemokine receptors by the conjunctival epithelium in OSDs. CCR4 and CCR5 expression may vary according to the immune pathway involved. Accurate mechanisms in ocular surface inflammatory reactions-that is, those related to the TH1 or TH2 systems-could be differentiated by CCR4/CCR5 profiles. Our results also suggest that long-term use of topical treatments may stimulate both systems.