Keywords: نقطه عزیمت; Benchmark dose; Thyroid toxicity; Endocrine disrupting chemicals; Propylthiouracil; Ovariectomized rats; Point of departure;
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Keywords: نقطه عزیمت; ADME; absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion; AUC; area under the blood/plasma concentration time curve; BMDL; lower 95% confidence limit of the benchmark dose; Cmax; maximum blood/plasma concentration; NOAEL; no-observed-adverse-effect-level;
Keywords: نقطه عزیمت; β-HCH; β-hexachlorocyclohexane; µg/l; microgram per liter; µM/l; micromolar per liter; Æ©; total; 1-HP; 1-hydroxypyrene; 2; 3-DHBA, 2,3-dihydroxybenzoic Acid; 2cx-MMHP; mono-(2-carboxymethylhexyl) phthalate; 3PBA; 3-phenoxybenzoic acid; 4F3PBA; 4-fluo
Keywords: نقطه عزیمت; AM; alveolar macrophage; cAM; alveolar macrophage count (= TCC x AM); cPMN; polymorphonuclear neutrophil count (TCC x PMN); BAL; bronchoalveolar lavage; BET; Brunauer-Emmett-Teller; BMCL; benchmark concentration lower confidence limit; GSD; geometric stan
Keywords: نقطه عزیمت; Risk assessment; NOAEL; Benchmark dose; ECHA; ATSDR; 28-day to 90-day extrapolation; Study duration; Point of departure;
Keywords: نقطه عزیمت; ADME; Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, Excretion; AOPs; adverse outcome pathways; AUC; Area under the Curve; AEs; assessment elements; AOs; assessment options; BMDL; benchmark dose lower bound; CAAT; Center for Alternatives to Animal Testing; Cefic-L
Keywords: نقطه عزیمت; Risk assessment; Risk management; Endogenous exposure; Biomarkers of exposure; Ethylene oxide; Point of departure;
Keywords: نقطه عزیمت; MPPD model; Human equivalent concentration; Risk assessment; Point of departure;
Keywords: نقطه عزیمت; Risk assessment; Less than lifetime exposure; Fluctuating exposure; Intermittent exposure; ADME; absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion; AUC; area under the blood/plasma concentration time curve; BMDL; lower 95% confidence limit of the benchma
Keywords: نقطه عزیمت; AOP; adverse outcome pathway; BMD; benchmark dose; BMDS; Benchmark Dose Software; BMDL; 95% lower confidence limit on the benchmark dose; BMR; benchmark response; CHD; congenital heart defects; CI; confidence interval; DCA; dichloroacetic acid; IRIS; Inte
Keywords: نقطه عزیمت; Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon; Benchmark dose; Mode of action; Point of departure; Carcinogens; Environmental pollutant;
Keywords: نقطه عزیمت; ACGIH; American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists; ATSDR; Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry; BMD; benchmark dose; BMDL; the lower 95 percent confidence limit of BMD; EFSA; European Food Safety Authority; IARC; International A
Keywords: نقطه عزیمت; ADME; absorption, distribution, metabolism, elimination; ATUS; American Time Use Survey; BE; biomonitoring equivalent; BEPOD; biomonitoring equivalent corresponding to the point of departure; BW; body weight; CDC; Centers for Disease Control and Preventio
Keywords: نقطه عزیمت; ACD; Allergic Contact Dermatitis; AEL; Acceptable Exposure Level; AF; assessment factor; AOO; acetone-olive oil; CEE; categorical exposure estimate; CEL; Consumer Exposure Level; CES; carboxylesterases; CSAF; Chemical-Specific Adjustment Factors; DDEF; Da
Keywords: نقطه عزیمت; AGD; anogenital distance; BBP; butyl benzyl phthalate; CE; creatinine excretion; DBP; di-n-butyl phthalate; DEHP; di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate; DEP; diethyl phthalate; DI; daily intake; DNEL; Derived No Effect Level; DiBP; diisobutyl phthalate; DiNP; diison
Keywords: نقطه عزیمت; ADME; absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion; A(O)EL; Acceptable (Operator) Exposure Level; BMDL; lower 95% confidence limit of the benchmark dose; HLV; Human Limit Value; MoS; Margin of Safety; NOAEL; No-Observed-Adverse-Effect-Level; OEL; Oc
Keywords: نقطه عزیمت; APAP; Acetaminophen; AP-1; Activator protein 1; ASK1; Apoptosis signaling kinase; BMD; Benchmark dose; BMDL; Lower confidence limit of benchmark dose; BrdU; Bromodeoxyuridine; bw; Body weight; JNK1; c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase 1; CT; Carbon tetrachloride; B
Keywords: نقطه عزیمت; Risk assessment; Point of departure; Stress-response pathways; Signal response; Adverse outcome;
Effect-based trigger values for in vitro and in vivo bioassays performed on surface water extracts supporting the environmental quality standards (EQS) of the European Water Framework Directive
Keywords: نقطه عزیمت; AA-EQS; average annual environmental quality standard; ACR; acute-to-chronic ratio; AhR; arylhydrocarbon receptor; AR; androgen receptor; AWTP; advanced water treatment plant; BEQ; bioanalytical equivalent concentration; DWTP; drinking water treatment pla
A strategy for systemic toxicity assessment based on non-animal approaches: The Cosmetics Europe Long Range Science Strategy programme
Keywords: نقطه عزیمت; ADME; absorption, distribution, metabolism, elimination; AOP; adverse outcome pathway; EFSA; European Food and Safety Agency; EURL ECVAM; European Union Reference Laboratory for Alternatives to Animal Testing; FDA; US Food and Drug Administration; IATA; I
Relative potency of fifteen pyrrolizidine alkaloids to induce DNA damage as measured by micronucleus induction in HepaRG human liver cells
Keywords: نقطه عزیمت; Pyrrolizidine alkaloids; HepaRG; Genetic toxicology; Micronucleus test; Relative potency factor; Risk assessment; BMD; benchmark dose; CEF; critical effect size; CEDL; lower confidence interval of the critical effect dose; CEDU; upper confidence interval
Impact of DNA repair on the dose-response of colorectal cancer formation induced by dietary carcinogens
Keywords: نقطه عزیمت; Colon cancer; Carcinogens; Food; Heterocyclic amines; DNA repair; MGMT; AAG; Thresholds; Point of departure; Genotoxicity;
Applying 'omics technologies in chemicals risk assessment: Report of an ECETOC workshop
Keywords: نقطه عزیمت; Regulatory toxicology; Transcriptomics; Metabolomics; Good laboratory practice (GLP); Weight-of-evidence (WoE); Adverse outcome pathway (AOP); Mode-of-action (MoA); Gene expression; Differentially expressed genes; ANOVA; Analysis of variance; AOP; Adverse
The margin of internal exposure (MOIE) concept for dermal risk assessment based on oral toxicity data - A case study with caffeine
Keywords: نقطه عزیمت; AUC; area under the curve; BMDL; benchmark dose lower confidence interval; Cmax; maximum concentration; HLV; human limit value; MOE; margin of exposure (synonymous to MOS); MOIE; margin of internal exposure; MOS; margin of safety; NOAEL; no observed adver
Approaches for describing and communicating overall uncertainty in toxicity characterizations: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS) as a case study
Keywords: نقطه عزیمت; 4-VCH; 4-vinylcyclohexene; ARA; Alliance for Risk Assessment; ATSDR; Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry; BEs; biomonitoring equivalents; BMD; benchmark dose; BMDL; benchmark dose lower confidence limit; CCl4; carbon tetrachloride; CDC; Cente
Examining the feasibility of mixture risk assessment: A case study using a tiered approach with data of 67 pesticides from the Joint FAO/WHO Meeting on Pesticide Residues (JMPR)
Keywords: نقطه عزیمت; Mixture toxicology; Mixture risk assessment; Dose addition; Hazard index; Pesticide; JMPR; ADI; acceptable daily intake; AL; acceptable level; CAG; cumulative assessment group; EL; exposure level; GAP; good agricultural practice; GEMS; Global Environment
IWGT report on quantitative approaches to genotoxicity risk assessment II. Use of point-of-departure (PoD) metrics in defining acceptable exposure limits and assessing human risk
Keywords: نقطه عزیمت; Genotoxic risk assessment; Point of departure; Benchmark dose; Breakpoint dose; Extrapolation; Low-dose risk;
The sub-chronic oral toxicity of 1,3,5-trimethylbenzene in Sprague-Dawley rats
Keywords: نقطه عزیمت; 123-TMB; 1,2,3-trimethylbenzene; 124-TMB; 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene; 135-TMB; 1,3,5-trimethylbenzene; 5â²-NT; 5â²-nucleotidase; ACGIH; American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists; ALT; alanine aminotransferase; AP; alkaline phosphatase; ASVCP
Does EU legislation allow the use of the Benchmark dose (BMD) approach for risk assessment?
Keywords: نقطه عزیمت; ADI; acceptable daily intake; AEL; adverse effect level; AOEL; acceptable operator exposure level; ARfD; acute reference dose; BMD; Benchmark dose; BMDL; Benchmark dose lower confidence bound; EFSA CONTAM; EFSA scientific panel on contaminants in the food
Derivation of a chronic reference concentration for decalin
Keywords: نقطه عزیمت; Decalin; Decahydronaphthalene; Toxicity; Reference concentration; Point of departure; Benchmark dose;
Biomonitoring Equivalents for benzene
Keywords: نقطه عزیمت; ADI; acceptable daily intake; AEGL; acute exposure guideline level; AML; acute myologenous leukemia; ATSDR; Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry; BE; Biomonitoring Equivalent; BEPOD; Biomonitoring Equivalent point of departure; BMDL; benchmark
Risk assessment for consumer exposure to toluene diisocyanate (TDI) derived from polyurethane flexible foam
Keywords: نقطه عزیمت; BHR; bronchial hyperreactivity; BMDS; USEPA benchmark dose software; CSF; cancer slope factor; FEV; forced expiratory volume; FEV1; forced expiratory volume in one second; FVC; forced vital capacity; GPMT; guinea pig maximization test; LADD; lifetime aver
A consistent and transparent approach for calculation of Derived No-Effect Levels (DNELs) for petroleum substances
Keywords: نقطه عزیمت; ACGIH; American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists; AD; Animal Dose; AF; Assessment Factor; BW; body weight; CLP; Classification, Labelling and Packaging Regulation; CNS; Central Nervous System; CSA; Chemical Safety Assessment; CSR; Chemical
Introduction to benchmark dose methods and U.S. EPA's benchmark dose software (BMDS) version 2.1.1
Keywords: نقطه عزیمت; Benchmark dose; Risk assessment; Benchmark dose software; NOAEL; Dose–response; Point of departure; Dichotomous data; Continuous data; Nested data
Current and future use of genomics data in toxicology: Opportunities and challenges for regulatory applications
Keywords: نقطه عزیمت; BMD; benchmark dose; CAR; constitutive activated receptor; CFSAN; FDA center for food safety and applied nutrition; CTD; Comparative Toxicogenomics Database; DBP; dibutyl phthalate; eGOn; explore gene ontology; EPA; Environmental Protection Agency; EST; e
A novel application of the Margin of Exposure approach: Segregation of tobacco smoke toxicants
Keywords: نقطه عزیمت; AIC; Akaike's information criteria; ALARA; as low as reasonably achievable; B(a)P; benzo(a)pyrene; BMD; benchmark dose; BMDL and BMDL10; benchmark dose lower confidence limit; BMDS; Benchmark Dose Software; BMR; benchmark response; CalEPA; Californian E
Quantitative cancer risk assessment based on NIOSH and UCC epidemiological data for workers exposed to ethylene oxide
Keywords: نقطه عزیمت; Ethylene oxide; NIOSH and UCC epidemiology data; Pooled analysis; Excess cancer risk calculation; Point of departure; Cumulative exposure; Cox proportional hazards models; Log cumulative exposure model
Establishing a point of departure for risk assessment using acute inhalation toxicology data
Keywords: نقطه عزیمت; Point of departure; Risk assessment; Median lethal; Acute inhalation toxicity; Estimating non-lethal exposure levels; LC50
A probabilistic framework for non-cancer risk assessment
Keywords: نقطه عزیمت; Benchmark dose; Distribution of exposure; Hierarchical model; Interspecies and intraspecies uncertainties; Point of departure