Palmitoylethanolamide attenuates PTZ-induced seizures through CB1 and CB2 receptors
Keywords: PTZ; PEA; CB1 and CB2 receptors; Seizure;
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Anticonvulsant efficacy of melatonin in an experimental model of hyperthermic febrile seizures
Keywords: MT; Melatonin; i.p.; intraperitoneal; PTZ; pentylenetetrazole; FS; febrile seizure; TLE; temporal lobe epilepsy; Hyperthermic febrile seizure model; Melatonin; Effective dose; Administration time;
Huperzine A prophylaxis against pentylenetetrazole-induced seizures in rats is associated with increased cortical inhibition
Keywords: Huperzine A; PTZ; Rat; Cortical inhibition; Paired-pulse TMS;
Increased sensitivity to kindling in mice lacking TSP1
Keywords: CNS; central nervous system; EGF; epidermal growth factor; IP; intraperitoneal injection; KO; knock out; PTZ; pentylenetetrazole; PNS; peripheral nervous system; qPCR; quantitative polymerase chain reaction; TSP; thrombospondin; TGF-β; transforming growt
Neuropharmacological effects of carvacryl acetate on δ-aminolevulinic dehydratase, Na+, K+-ATPase activities and amino acids levels in mice hippocampus after seizures
Keywords: CA; carvacryl acetate; DZP; diazepam; FLU; flumazenil; GABA; δ-aminobutyric acid; PIC; picrotoxin; PTZ; pentylenetetrazol; P400; pilocarpine; δ-ALA-D; δ-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase; Anticonvulsant; Acetate; Carvacryl; Epilepsy; Mouse;
Computational NeuroscienceTowards real-time detection of seizures in awake rats with GPU-accelerated diffuse optical tomography
Keywords: DOT; diffuse optical tomography; GPU; graphic processing units; PTZ; pentylenetetrazol; IEEG; intracranial electroencephalogram; Real-time diffuse optical tomography; Noninvasive seizure dynamic imaging; GPU computing;
Involvement of apoptosis and calcium accumulation through TRPV1 channels in neurobiology of epilepsy
Keywords: [Ca2+]i; intracellular Ca2+; CAP; capsaicin; CHAPS; 3-[(3-Cholamidopropyl)dimethylammonio]-1-propanesulfonate; CPZ; capsazepine; DMSO; dimethyl sulfoxide; DRG; dorsal root ganglion; DTT; Dithiothreitol; EEG; electroencephalography; EGTA; ethylene glycol-b
Anticonvulsant properties of Euterpe oleracea in mice
Keywords: Seizure; Euterpe oleracea; Anticonvulsant; Oxidative stress; EEG; Amazon; EO; clarified açai (Euterpe oleracea) juice; ILAE; International League Against Epilepsy; DM; dry matter; PTZ; pentylenetetrazol; DPPH; 1,1diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl; MDA; malondial
14th Annual Meeting of the Safety Pharmacology Society: Threading through peripheral and central nervous system presentations
Keywords: Aβ; Aβ-amyloid protein; AANEM; American Academy of Neuromuscular and Electrodiagnostic Medicine; AAN; American Academy of Neurology; AD; Alzheimer's Disease; API; Alzheimer's Prevention Initiative-APOE4; ADF; Abuse Deterrent Formulations; ADNI; Alzheime
Voltage-gated sodium (NaV) channel blockade by plant cannabinoids does not confer anticonvulsant effects per se
Keywords: AED; antiepileptic drug; CBD; cannabidiol; CBG; cannabigerol; CHL; Chinese hamster lung; CHO; Chinese hamster ovary; IFF; instantaneous spike firing frequency; NaV; voltage-gated Na+ channels; PTZ; pentylenetetrazole; Epilepsy; Cannabinoid; Seizure; Sodiu
The role of interleukin-1β in the pentylenetetrazole-induced kindling of seizures, in the rat hippocampus
Keywords: Kindling of seizures; Cytokines; IL-1β; PTZ; Hippocampus; Rats
CNS depressant and anticonvulsant activities of the alcoholic extract of leaves of Ziziyphus nummularia
Keywords: Ziziyphus nummularia; Elevated plus maze; Hole board hypnotic; Anticonvulsant; PTZ; MES;
A Mouse Model that Recapitulates Cardinal Features of the 15q13.3 Microdeletion Syndrome Including Schizophrenia- and Epilepsy-Related Alterations
Keywords: Absence seizures; animal model; Chrna7; copy number variation; gamma oscillations; PTZ
Glutamate receptor antibodies directed against AMPA receptors subunit 3 peptide B (GluR3B) can be produced in DBA/2J mice, lower seizure threshold and induce abnormal behavior
Keywords: Epilepsy; Seizures; Autoimmune epilepsy; Glutamate receptor antibodies; GluR3 antibodies; GluR3B antibodies; Behavior; PTZ
Evolution of the Eastern Karakoram Metamorphic Complex, Ladakh, NW India, and its relationship to magmatism and regional tectonics
Keywords: KFZ; Karakoram Fault Zone; EKMC; Eastern Karakoram Metamorphic Complex; PTZ; Pangong Transpressional Zone; PMC; Pangong Metamorphic Complex; Karakoram; Fault; Metamorphic; Evolution; Crustal; Leucogranite;
Cysteinyl leukotriene receptor (CysLT) antagonists decrease pentylenetetrazol-induced seizures and blood-brain barrier dysfunction
Keywords: ANOVA; analysis of variance; BBB; blood-brain-barrier; DMSO; dimethyl sulfoxide; EEG; electroencephalography; PBS; phosphate-buffered saline; PGE2; prostaglandin E2; PTZ; pentylenetetrazol; TCA; trichloroacetic acid; TJ; tight junctions; leukotrienes; p
A review of behavioural methods to study emotion and mood in pigs, Sus scrofa
Keywords: ACTH; adrenocorticotropic hormone; BT; back test; CBT; cognitive bias test; EPM; elevated plus maze; ET; emergence test; GABA; gamma-aminobutyric acid; HAT; human approach test; HIT; human interaction test; L/DT; light/dark test; NOT; novel object test; O
Cyclopropane-based conformational restriction of GABA by a stereochemical diversity-oriented strategy: Identification of an efficient lead for potent inhibitors of GABA transports
Keywords: ANOVA; analysis of variance; BGT; betaine-GABA transporter; CHO; Chinese hamster ovary; CNS; central nervous systems; EPM; elevated plus maze; GABA; γ-aminobutyric acid; GAT; GABA transporter; LE; ligand efficiency; PTZ; pentylenetetrazole; SNAP; 1-(2-[t
GABAB receptors as a common target for hypothermia and spike and wave seizures: Intersecting mechanisms of thermoregulation and absence epilepsy
Keywords: CS; cold-sensitive; EEG; electroencephalography; GHB; γ-hydroxybutyrate; NREM; non rapid eye movement; PO/AH; preoptic zone of the anterior hypothalamus; PTZ; pentylenetetrazole; RM ANOVA; repeated measures analysis of variance; SE; standard errors; SWD;
Synthesis of novel cognition enhancers with pyrazolo[5,1-c][1,2,4]benzotriazine core acting at γ-aminobutyric acid type A (GABAA) receptor
Keywords: α7nACh-R; α7nicotinic acetylcoline receptor; AD; Alzheimer's disease; BMS; borane methylsulfide; Bz site/GABAA-R; benzodiazepine site on GABAA receptor; CMC; carboxymethylcellulose; CNS; central nervous system; DAZ; diazepam, 7-chloro-1-methyl-5-pheny
Anticonvulsant effect of Marsilea quadrifolia Linn. on pentylenetetrazole induced seizure: A behavioral and EEG study in rats
Keywords: PTZ; pentylenetetrazole; MQ; Marsilea quadrifolia Linn.; MM; Marsilea minuta Linn.; MR; Marsilea rajasthansis Gupta; MQ EE; Marsilea quadrifolia ethanol extract; MQ WE; Marsilea quadrifolia water extract; EEG; electroencephalogram; FFT; fast Fourier trans
Dual protective effect of Passiflora incarnata in epilepsy and associated post-ictal depression
Keywords: CMC; Carboxymethyl cellulose; CNS; Central nervous system; DDs; Depressive disorders; DMSO; Dimethyl sulfoxide; FST; Forced swimming test; GABA; Gamma-aminobutyric acid; i.p.; Intraperitoneal; MAO; Monoamine oxidase; OTC; Over-the-counter; PI; Passiflora
Neurohypophyseal hormones protect against pentylenetetrazole-induced seizures in zebrafish: Role of oxytocin-like and V1a-like receptor
Keywords: V1A; vasopressin receptor type 1; OT; oxytocin; IT; isotocin; AVP; vasopressin; AVT; vasotocin; PTZ; pentylenetetrazole; VLP; valproate sodium salt; HPA; hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis; Epilepsy; Anticonvulsant; Neurohypophyseal; Hormone; Teleost
Protective activity of α-lactoalbumin (ALAC), a whey protein rich in tryptophan, in rodent models of epileptogenesis
Keywords: 5-HT; 5-hydroxytryptamine; 5-HTP; 5-hydroxytryptophan; ALAC; α-lactoalbumin; dSWDs; mean total duration of SWDs; EEG; Electroencephalography; i.p.; intraperitoneally; LNAAs; large neutral amino acids; nSWDs; mean number of SWDs; NMDA; N-methyl-d-aspartat
Sildenafil influences the anticonvulsant activity of vigabatrin and gabapentin in the timed pentylenetetrazole infusion test in mice
Keywords: PDE; phosphodiesterase; AED; antiepileptic drug; GBP; gabapentin; VGB; vigabatrin; PTZ; pentylenetetrazole; NO; nitric oxide; NOS; nitric oxide synthase; GC; guanylate cyclase; PKG; cGMP-dependent protein kinase; cGMP; guanosine 3â²,5â²-monophosphate; C
Increases in seizure latencies induced by subcutaneous docosahexaenoic acid are lost at higher doses
Keywords: Epilepsy; Seizures; Docosahexaenoic acid; Dose–response; PTZ; Fatty acid release
Anticonvulsant profile of caprylic acid, a main constituent of the medium-chain triglyceride (MCT) ketogenic diet, in mice
Keywords: Ketogenic diet; Pentylenetetrazole; Maximal electroshock; 6-Hz seizure test; Seizure thresholds tests; Brain concentrations; AEDs; antiepileptic drugs; CA; caprylic acid; KD; ketogenic diet; MCT; medium-chain triglycerides; MES; maximal electroshock; MEST
Research ReportProconvulsive effects of oxytocin in the generalized pentylenetetrazol mouse model are mediated by vasopressin 1a receptors
Keywords: OT; oxytocin; AD; antidepressant; OTR; oxytocin receptor; GPCR; G protein coupled-receptor; i.v.; intravenous; s.c.; subcutaneous; i.p.; intraperitoneal; PTZ; pentylenetetrazol; CBT; carbetocin; V1aR; vasopressin 1a receptor; AVP; arginine vasopressin; PE
Anticonvulsant activity of bisabolene sesquiterpenoids of Curcuma longa in zebrafish and mouse seizure models
Keywords: AEDs; antiepileptic drugs; DAD; diode array detection; DMSO; dimethyl sulfoxide; dpf; days post-fertilization; ddH2O; double-distilled water; ESI-MS; electrospray ionization mass spectrometry; i.v.; intravenous; i.p.; intraperitoneal; LC-MS; liquid chro
Cannabidiol exerts anti-convulsant effects in animal models of temporal lobe and partial seizures
Keywords: Î9-THC; Î9-tetrahydrocannabinol; AED; anti-epileptic drug; CBD; cannabidiol; CCTVs; closed-circuit television cameras; CNS; central nervous system; GABA; γ-aminobutyric acid; mAChR; muscarinic acetylcholine receptor; MES; maximal electroshock; NMDA; N-
Involvement of dopaminergic system in stress-induced anticonvulsant effect in juvenile mice
Keywords: Swim stress; Noradrenaline; Dopamine; PTZ; Juvenile; Adult
3-Hydroxy-1H-quinazoline-2,4-dione derivatives as new antagonists at ionotropic glutamate receptors: Molecular modeling and pharmacological studies
Keywords: Ionotropic glutamate receptors; 3-Hydroxyquinazoline-2,4-diones; AMPA receptor antagonists; Kainate receptor antagonists; Neuroprotective agents; Ligand-receptor modeling studies; Glu; glutamate; iGluRs; ionotropic glutamate receptors; NMDA; N-methyl-d-
Rapamycin down-regulates KCC2 expression and increases seizure susceptibility to convulsants in immature rats
Keywords: ANOVA; analysis of variance; DV; doros-ventral; EDTA; ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid; EEG; electroencephalography; GP; globus pallidus; KCC2; potassium-chloride cotransporter 2; mTOR; mammalian target of rapamycin; NMDA; N-methyl-D-aspartate; PTEN; phosp
Devil's Claw-A review of the ethnobotany, phytochemistry and biological activity of Harpagophytum procumbens
Keywords: 5-LOX; 5-lipo-oxygenase; 6â²-PCHG; 6â²-O-p-coumaroylharpagide; 8-PCHG; 8-p-coumaroylharpagide; BCL; Bicuculline; COX-2; cyclooxygenase-2; CREB; cAMP response element-binding; CYP; cytochrome P450; DAD; diode array detection; DPPH; 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picryl
Research reportPTZ-induced seizures inhibit adenosine deamination in adult zebrafish brain membranes
Keywords: ADA; adenosine deaminase; NTPDase; nucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase; PTZ; pentylenetetrazole; Adenosine; Adenosine deaminase; Ectonucleotidases; Seizures; Pentylenetetrazole; Zebrafish;
Differential modulatory actions of GABAA agonists on susceptibility to GABAA antagonists-induced seizures in morphine dependent rats: Possible mechanisms in seizure propensity
Keywords: PTZ; pentylenetetrazole; CON; control; DEP; morphine dependent; THIP; 4,5,6,7-tetrahydroisoxazolo [5,4-c]pyridin-3-ol; MUS; muscimol; BIC; bicuculline; Morphine-dependence; GABAA agonists; Seizure; GABAA receptor;
Sedative, vasorelaxant, and cytotoxic effects of convolvulin from Ipomoea tyrianthina
Keywords: AOA; amino-oxyacetic acid; ANOVA; analysis of variance; CNS; central nervous system; DZP; diazepam; GABA; gamma amino butyric acid; HPLC; high performance liquid chromatography; IT-EM; ether-insoluble resin glycoside from Ipomoea tytrianthina; NA; noradre
Enhanced susceptibility to the GABA antagonist pentylenetetrazole during the latent period following a pilocarpine-induced status epilepticus in rats
Keywords: Epilepsy; Epileptogenesis; Seizure threshold; Neuronal hyperexcitability; Antiepileptogenesis; Disease modification; EEG; electroencephalogram; PTZ; pentylenetetrazole; SE; status epilepticus; TBI; traumatic brain injury;
An ethnomedicinal, phytochemical and pharmacological profile of Desmodium gangeticum (L.) DC. and Desmodium adscendens (Sw.) DC.
Keywords: AA; arachidonic acid; ABTS; 2,2â²-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid); AChE; acetylcholinesterase; AL; alcohol; ALP; alkaline phosphatase; ASP; aspirin; BST; brine shrimp lethality bioassay; CAT; catalase; ChTX; charybdotoxin; CNS; central
Synaptogyrin-dependent modulation of synaptic neurotransmission in Caenorhabditis elegans
Keywords: synaptic vesicle cycle; GABA; tetraspan vesicle membrane protein; synaptogyrin; synaptophysin; Caenorhabditis elegans; ANOVA; analysis of variance; CFP; cyan fluorescent protein; DiI; 1, 1'-dioctadecyl-3, 3, 3', 3'-tetramethylindocarbocyanine perchlorate;
Extracellular proteases in epilepsy
Keywords: ADAM; a disintegrin and metalloproteinase; ADAMTS; a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs; CCI; controlled cortical impact; ECM; extracellular matrix; ECS; electroconvulsive shock; FH; complement inhibitor; GCD; granule cell disper
Connexin36 knockout mice display increased sensitivity to pentylenetetrazol-induced seizure-like behaviors
Keywords: Epilepsy; Cx36; Gap junction; PTZ; Interneuron
The differential effects of protein synthesis inhibition on the expression and reconsolidation of pentylenetetrazole kindled seizures
Keywords: Epilepsy; Kindling; PTZ; Cycloheximide; Rats
Time course of changes in the concentration of kynurenic acid in the brain of pentylenetetrazol-kindled rats
Keywords: Epilepsy; Kindling; KYNA; PTZ; Rat
A revised Racine's scale for PTZ-induced seizures in rats
Keywords: PTZ; Seizure; Behavior; Seizure intensity scale; Rats
Additive anticonvulsant effects of creatine supplementation and physical exercise against pentylenetetrazol-induced seizures
Keywords: Seizure; Oxidative damage; Physical exercise; PTZ; Na+; K+-ATPase;
Intracranial self-stimulation enhances neurogenesis in hippocampus of adult mice and rats
Keywords: NeuN; neurogenesis; progenitor cells; 5-bromodeoxyuridine; GFAP; reward; ANOVA; analysis of variance; BB; blocking buffer; BrdU; 5-bromodeoxyuridine; DG; dentate gyrus; GCL; granule cell layer; GFAP; glial fibrillary acidic protein; ICSS; intracranial sel
Repeated hypoxic episodes induce seizures and alter hippocampal network activities in mice
Keywords: anoxia; electroencephalography; epilepsy; ischemia; rhythm; sharp waves; ACSF; artificial cerebrospinal fluid; AMPA; α-amino-3-hydroxyl-5-methyl-4-isoxazole-propionate; AP5; d-2-amino-5-phosphopentanoate; BSPW; basal form of in vitro sharp wave; CA; corn
The inhibitory effect of trimethylamine on the anticonvulsant activities of quinine in the pentylenetetrazole model in rats
Keywords: 4AP; 4-aminopyridine; ANOVA; analysis of variance; AP; anterior-posterior; CNS; central nervous system; Cx; connexins; DV; dorsal-ventral; FCD; focal cortical dysplasia; GABA; γ-aminobutyric acid; GTCS; generalized tonic-clonic seizures; i.c.v; int
Amphiphysin I phosphorylation on residue threonine 260 in a pentylenetetrazole-induced seizure model
Keywords: PTZ; pentylenetetrazole; Amphiphysin; Threonine 260; Pentylenetetrazole; Phosphorylation; Epilepsy;