Clonal expansion of CD4+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes in patients with IgG4-related disease

IgG4-RD is prominently linked to clonally expanded IL-1β- and TGF-β1-secreting CD4+ CTLs in both peripheral blood and inflammatory tissue lesions. These active, terminally differentiated, cytokine-secreting effector CD4+ T cells are now linked to a human disease characterized by chronic inflammation and fibrosis.