Expression of 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 1 and 2 in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis and their possible contribution to local glucocorticoid activation in sinus mucosa

These results indicate that CRS-relevant cytokines can modulate the expression of 11β-HSD1, 11β-HSD2, and CYP11B1 in the sinus mucosa, resulting in increasing intracellular concentrations of bioactive glucocorticoids.