کد مقاله | کد نشریه | سال انتشار | مقاله انگلیسی | نسخه تمام متن |
---|---|---|---|---|
6313812 | 1619055 | 2014 | 11 صفحه PDF | دانلود رایگان |
عنوان انگلیسی مقاله ISI
Concentrations of phthalates and bisphenol A in Norwegian foods and beverages and estimated dietary exposure in adults
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کلمات کلیدی
DiDPDEPDIBPMRMUPLCBPAGPCDnBPBBzPDEHPEFSAdi-iso-nonyl phthalatedi-n-butyl phthalateTDIDnOPdi-n-octyl phthalateDCHPKBSLOQsEPAESIDMPAPCIDiNP - DINPEnvironmental Protection Agency - آژانس حفاظت از محیط زیستEuropean Union - اتحادیه اروپاEuropean Food Safety Authority - اداره ایمنی اروپاbutyl benzyl phthalate - بوتل بنزیل فتالاتbis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate - بیس (2-اتیل هگزیل) فتالاتBisphenol A - بیسفنول ای، بیسفنول Anot detected - تشخیص داده نشدBeh - خوبFood - خوراک یا غذاdiethylphthalate - دی اتیلفالتdi-iso-butyl phthalate - دی ایزو بوتیل فتالاتdimethyl phthalate - دی متیل فتالاتDicyclohexyl phthalate - دیسیکلوهگزیل فتالاتMass spectrometry - طیف سنجی جرمیPhthalate - فتالات، استرهای فتالاتnot applicable - قابل اجرا نیستDietary exposure - قرار گرفتن در معرض غذاLimits of quantification - محدودیت اندازه گیریTolerable daily intake - مصرف روزانه قابل تحملNorway - نروژmultiple reaction monitoring - نظارت چندگانه چندگانهBeverages - نوشیدنی هاbody weight - وزن بدنPVC - پلیوینیل کلراید یا پیویسیUpper bound - کران بالاLower bound - کران پایینliquid chromatography - کروماتوگرافی مایعultra performance liquid chromatography - کروماتوگرافی مایع با عملکرد فوق العادهGel permeation chromatography - کروماتوگرافی ژل تراوشیGas chromatography - کروماتوگرافی گازیPolyvinyl chloride - کلرید پلی وینیلelectrospray ionization - یونیزاسیون الکترو اسپریatmospheric pressure chemical ionization - یونیزاسیون شیمیایی جوی شیمیایی
موضوعات مرتبط
علوم زیستی و بیوفناوری
علوم محیط زیست
شیمی زیست محیطی
پیش نمایش صفحه اول مقاله

چکیده انگلیسی
Phthalates and bisphenol A (BPA) are ubiquitous in our environment. These chemicals have been characterized as endocrine disruptors that can cause functional impairment of development and reproduction. Processed and packaged foods are among the major sources of human exposure to these chemicals. No previous report showing the levels of these chemicals in food items purchased in Norway is available. The aim of the present study was to determine the concentration of ten different phthalates and BPA in foods and beverages purchased on the Norwegian market and estimate the daily dietary exposure in the Norwegian adult population. Commonly consumed foods and beverages in Norway were purchased in a grocery store and analysed using gas- and liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. Daily dietary exposures to these chemicals in the Norwegian adult population were estimated using the latest National dietary survey, Norkost 3 (2010-2011). This study showed that phthalates and BPA are found in all foods and beverages that are common to consume in Norway. The detection frequency of phthalates in the food items varied from 11% for dicyclohexyl phthalate (DCHP) to 84% for di-iso-nonyl phthalate (DiNP), one of the substitutes for bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP). BPA was found in 54% of the food items analysed. Among the different phthalates, the highest concentrations were found for DEHP and DiNP in the food items. Estimated dietary exposures were also equally high and dominated by DEHP and DiNP (400-500Â ng/kg body weight (bw)/day), followed by di-iso-butyl phthalate (DiBP), di-n-butyl phthalate (DnBP), di-n-octyl phthalate (DnOP) and di-iso-decyl phthalate (DiDP) (30-40Â ng/kg bw/day). Dimethyl phthalate (DMP), diethylphthalate (DEP) and DCHP had the lowest concentrations and the exposures were around 10-20Â ng/kg bw/day. Estimated dietary exposure to BPA was 5Â ng/kg bw/day. In general, levels of phthalates and BPA in foods and beverages from the Norwegian market are comparable to other countries worldwide. Grain and meat products were the major contributors of exposure to these chemicals in the Norwegian adult population. The estimated dietary exposures to these chemicals were considerably lower than their respective tolerable daily intake (TDI) values established by the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA).
ناشر
Database: Elsevier - ScienceDirect (ساینس دایرکت)
Journal: Environment International - Volume 73, December 2014, Pages 259-269
Journal: Environment International - Volume 73, December 2014, Pages 259-269
نویسندگان
Amrit K. Sakhi, Inger Therese L. Lillegaard, Stefan Voorspoels, Monica H. Carlsen, Elin B. Løken, Anne L. Brantsæter, Margaretha Haugen, Helle M. Meltzer, Cathrine Thomsen,