کد مقاله | کد نشریه | سال انتشار | مقاله انگلیسی | نسخه تمام متن |
---|---|---|---|---|
2593132 | 1132075 | 2006 | 26 صفحه PDF | دانلود رایگان |
عنوان انگلیسی مقاله ISI
Risk and safety assessment on the consumption of Licorice root (Glycyrrhiza sp.), its extract and powder as a food ingredient, with emphasis on the pharmacology and toxicology of glycyrrhizin
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کلمات کلیدی
FEMAGRASJECFA11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenaseEnzyme - آنزیم یا کاتالیزگرAdditive - افزودنیSafety - ایمنیgenerally recognized as safe - به طور کلی به عنوان امن شناخته شده استteratogen - تراتوژنFood - خوراک یا غذاCarcinogenicity - سرطان زاییToxicity - سمی بودنCytotoxicity - سمیت سلولیLicorice - شیرین بیانSweetener - شیرین کنندهFlavor - عطر و طعمMutagen - موتاژنFood additive - مکمل غذاییBurdock - پروانهcortisol - کورتیزولGlycyrrhizin - گلیسیریزین
موضوعات مرتبط
علوم زیستی و بیوفناوری
علوم محیط زیست
بهداشت، سم شناسی و جهش زایی
پیش نمایش صفحه اول مقاله
چکیده انگلیسی
Licorice (or 'liquorice') is a plant of ancient origin and steeped in history. Licorice extracts and its principle component, glycyrrhizin, have extensive use in foods, tobacco and in both traditional and herbal medicine. As a result, there is a high level of use of licorice and glycyrrhizin in the US with an estimated consumption of 0.027-3.6 mg glycyrrhizin/kg/day. Both products have been approved for use in foods by most national and supranational regulatory agencies. Biochemical studies indicate that glycyrrhizinates inhibit 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, the enzyme responsible for inactivating cortisol. As a result, the continuous, high level exposure to glycyrrhizin compounds can produce hypermineralocorticoid-like effects in both animals and humans. These effects are reversible upon withdrawal of licorice or glycyrrhizin. Other in vivo and clinical studies have reported beneficial effects of both licorice and glycyrrhizin consumption including anti-ulcer, anti-viral, and hepatoprotective responses. Various genotoxic studies have indicated that glycyrrhizin is neither teratogenic nor mutagenic, and may possess anti-genotoxic properties under certain conditions. The pharmacokinetics of glycyrrhizin have been described and show that its bioavailability is reduced when consumed as licorice; this has hampered attempts to establish clear dose-effect levels in animals and humans. Based on the in vivo and clinical evidence, we propose an acceptable daily intake of 0.015-0.229 mg glycyrrhizin/kg body weight/day.
ناشر
Database: Elsevier - ScienceDirect (ساینس دایرکت)
Journal: Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology - Volume 46, Issue 3, December 2006, Pages 167-192
Journal: Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology - Volume 46, Issue 3, December 2006, Pages 167-192
نویسندگان
R.A. Isbrucker, G.A. Burdock,