Extracutaneous manifestations and complications of inherited epidermolysis bullosa : Part II. Other organs

It is well known, primarily via case reports and limited case series, that nonepithelial tissues may become injured in patients with epidermolysis bullosa. Only recently, however, have there been data generated from large, well characterized cohorts. Our objective is to provide dermatologists with a comprehensive review of each of these major extracutaneous complications, with a summary of the pertinent literature and evidence-based recommendations for surveillance, evaluation, and management. Some epidermolysis bullosa subtypes are at risk for severe injury of the bone marrow, musculoskeletal system, heart, kidney, and teeth, and for the development of squamous cell carcinoma, basal cell carcinoma, or malignant melanoma. If untreated, significant morbidity or mortality may resultLearning objectivesAfter completing this learning activity, participants should be able to provide dermatologists with an up to date, comprehensive review of each major extracutaneous manifestation or complication of inherited epidermolysis bullosa, and recommendations for their evaluation and optimal management, have a greater understanding of the types of complications that may occur, when they are most likely to develop, and the range of medical and surgical interventions that are currently available, and be able to develop surveillance strategies based on an understanding of the published evidence-based data.