Protective role of naringin against cisplatin induced oxidative stress, inflammatory response and apoptosis in rat striatum via suppressing ROS-mediated NF-κB and P53 signaling pathways

Cisplatin (Cis) is an effective chemotherapeutic agent successfully used in the treatment of a wide range of malignancies while its usage is limited due to its dose-dependent toxicity. The present study was conducted to investigate the efficacy of naringin, an ubiquitous flavonoid, against Cis-induced striatum injury in Wistar aged rats. Briefly, the experimental procedures were divided in two sets of experiments. In the first, the animals were divided into 4 groups: control, Nar 25 mg/kg, Nar 50 mg/kg and Nar 100 mg/kg. In the second, the animals were divided into 4 groups: Cis (5 mg/kg/week for 5 consecutive weeks), Cis + Nar (25 mg/kg), Cis + Nar (50 mg/kg) and Cis + Nar (100 mg/kg). The administration of Cis (5 mg/kg/week for 5 consecutive weeks) resulted in a decline in the concentrations of reduced glutathione and ascorbic acid. The activity of membrane bound ATPases and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) were decreased while the activity of catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were increased. Further, in striatum tissue, Cis significantly enhance the mRNA gene expression of P53, nuclear factor κB pathway (NFκB) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α). Oxidative/nitrosative stress was evident in Cis group by increased malondialdehyde (MDA), protein carbonyls (PCO), reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitrite concentration (NO). Naringin (25, 50 and 100 mg/kg) administration was able to protect against deterioration in striatum tissue, abrogate the change in antioxidant enzyme activities and suppressed the increase in MDA, PCO, NO and TNF-α concentrations. Moreover, Nar inhibited P53, NFkB and TNF-α pathways mediated inflammation and apoptosis, and improved the histological changes induced by Cis. Thus, these findings demonstrated the neuroprotective nature of Nar by attenuating the pro-inflammatory and apoptotic mediators and improving antioxidant competence in striatum tissue. These results imply that Nar has perfect effect against Cis-induced striatum injury in aged rats, which should be developed as an effective food and healthcare product for the treatment of brain injury in the future.