TH17 deficiency in human disease

The differentiation of naive T cells into distinct subsets of effector T cells is critical for effective immunity against a wide variety of infectious agents in the environment. Activation of innate immune responses by Candida species through pattern-recognition receptors directs the subsequent development of naive T cells into TH17 cells, which are essential for effective mucosal immunity against fungi. Thorough analyses of cohorts of patients with unusual susceptibility to chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis resulting from TH17 deficiency have confirmed the role of TH17 cells and TH17 cytokines in human host defense against Candida species and have provided valuable insights into the complex process of TH17 cell development.